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Cognitive Development
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Cognitive Development in the Teen Years
Cognitive development means the growth of a child’s ability to think and reason. This growth happens differently from ages 6 to 12, and from ages 12 to 18.
Children ages 6 to 12 years old develop the ability to think in concrete ways. These are called concrete operations. These things are called concrete because they’re done around objects and events. This includes knowing how to:
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Combine (add)
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Separate (subtract or divide)
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Order (alphabetize and sort)
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Transform objects and actions (change things, such as 5 pennies = 1 nickel)
Ages 12 to 18 is called adolescence. Kids and teens in this age group do more complex thinking. This type of thinking is also known as formal logical operations. This includes the ability to:
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Do abstract thinking. This means thinking about possibilities.
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Reason from known principles. This means forming own new ideas or questions.
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Consider many points of view. This means to compare or debate ideas or opinions.
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Think about the process of thinking. This means being aware of the act of thought processes.
How cognitive growth happens during the teen years
From ages 12 to 18, children grow in the way they think. They move from concrete thinking to formal logical operations. It’s important to note that:
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Each child moves ahead at their own rate in their ability to think in more complex ways.
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Each child develops their own view of the world.
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Some children may be able to use logical operations in schoolwork long before they can use them for personal problems.
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When emotional issues come up, they can cause problems with a child’s ability to think in complex ways.
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The ability to consider possibilities and facts may affect decision-making. This can happen in either positive or negative ways.
How you can encourage healthy cognitive growth
To help encourage positive and healthy cognitive growth in your teen, you can:
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Include him or her in discussions about a variety of topics, issues, and current events.
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Encourage your child to share ideas and thoughts with you.
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Encourage your teen to think independently and develop his or her own ideas.
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Help your child in setting goals.
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Challenge him or her to think about possibilities for the future.
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Compliment and praise your teen for well-thought-out decisions.
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Help him or her in re-evaluating poorly made decisions.
If you have concerns about your child’s cognitive development, talk with your child’s healthcare provider.
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